Brown V. Board Of Education - 1145 Words

The landmark case, which changed everything for minorities, was Brown v. Board of Education of 1954, which overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. It is apparent to note, that our first Black Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall played a pivotal role in the case. This case ended all desegregation of public schools all across the United States, in theory. Overall, things started looking better for minorities, but still discrimination existed and did not resolve many of the problems they still face. Mexicans were targeted as well during 1954, known as Operation Wetback, which allowed for the capture of foreign Mexicanos. In public schools, white teachers and black teachers began to earn equal pay, so the movement was effective, but how strong†¦show more content†¦Felix Tejerina, from Houston, also introduced legislation by proposing the Little Rock School of the 400, which was an early form of head start. The 1960s had arrived, and equality in theory was being achieved, but it was still not being practiced in reality. As mentioned earlier in Sweatt v. Painter, various leaders such as Antonio Maceo Smith, Carter Wesley, and John J. Jones sued the University of Texas because of the denial of admission to Texas Law School. The Supreme Court ruled that Sweatt can attend the University of Texas, which meant integration. It was in ways similar to Brown v. Board where they ruled segregated schools were unequal, which led to being unconstitutional. Lyndon B. Johnson was very influential during the civil rights movement, but what is apparent is the JFK had a tremendous part in the movement. JFK had actually worked with Dr. Martin Luther King in introducing legislation to further civil rights for minorities, but due to his assassination, much of the work was pushed by Johnson. Johnson viewed his era as the Great Society and intended to build on the New Deal or should I say Fair Deal. Overall, some of the legislation that he sponsored was the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and also the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Many have speculated that the support and push for these bills by Johnson were merely an attempt to honor JFK, for who diligently pushed forShow MoreRelatedThe Brown V. Board Of Education1303 Words   |  6 PagesBarbara Johns, the Sixteen Year-old Girl Whose Voice was Heard Sixty-two years ago, the Supreme Court ruled the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine unconstitutional. The decision from the Plessy v. Ferguson case was lawfully denounced by the Brown v. Board of Education. The Brown case, which was initiated by the members of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), served as a stimulus for challenging segregation in all areas of society, especially in public educational institutionsRead MoreBrown V. The Board Of Education1136 Words   |  5 PagesBrown v. The Board of Education Topeka, Kansas, 1950, a young African-American girl named Linda Brown had to walk a mile to get to her school, crossing a railroad switchyard. She lived seven blocks from an all white school. Linda’s father, Oliver, tried to enroll her into the all white school. The school denied her because of the color of her skin. Segregation was widespread throughout our nation. Blacks believed that the â€Å"separate but equal† saying was false. They felt that whites had more educationalRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education1294 Words   |  6 PagesTracey Counts American Government Vidrio 5 May 2017 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court cases are cases in which their is so much controversy in the case that it needs to be handled by the Supreme Court of the United States or SCOTUS. Brown v. The Board of Education is a very intrical part of our United States history. This Supreme Court case desegregated public schools in the United States in 1954. The case involved saying no to African American children equal rights to state publicRead MoreBrown V. Board of Education1755 Words   |  8 PagesBrown v. Board of Education Ronald Still Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Brown v. Board of Education Background The Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education dates back to 1954, the case was centered on the Fourteenth Amendment and challenged the segregation of schools solely on the basis of race. The Brown case was not the only case of its time involving school segregation, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was leading the push to desegregateRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education2409 Words   |  10 PagesBrown vs. Board of Education Brown v. Board of Education Brown v. Board of education case took place in 1954. It is one of the most important cases in the American history of racial prejudice. The U.S. Supreme Court recognized separate schools for blacks and whites unconstitutional. This decision became an important event of struggle against racial segregation in the United States. The Brown case proved that there is no way a separation on the base of race to be in a democratic society. BrownRead MoreBrown V. Board Of Education830 Words   |  4 PagesBrown v. Board of Education The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case is a well-known case that went to the Incomparable Court for racial reasons with the leading body of training. The case was really the name given to five separate cases that were heard by the U.S. Preeminent Court concerning the issue of isolation in state funded schools. These cases were Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Briggs v. Elliot, Davis v. Board of Education of Prince Edward County (VA.), Boiling v. Sharpe,Read MoreBrown V. Board Of Education942 Words   |  4 PagesBrown v. Board of Education was a landmark case that was decided by the Supreme Court of America in 1954. It is a case that is believed to have brought to an end decades of increasing racial segregation that was experienced in America’s public schools. The landmark decision of this case was resolved from six separate cases that originated from four states. The Supreme Court is believed to have preferred rearguments in the case because of its preference f or presentation of briefs. The briefs wereRead MoreBrown V. The Board Of Education2038 Words   |  9 PagesBrown v. the Board of Education was a case that helped shaped America’s education system into what it is today. ‘Separate but equal’ is phrase well attributed to the civil rights movement in all aspects of life: water fountains, movie theaters, restaurants, bathrooms, schools, and much more. This phrase was coined legal in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. Plessy v. Ferguson said that racial segregation of public facilities was legal so long as they were ‘equal.’ Before this even, Black Codes, passed inRead MoreThe Brown V. Board Of Education Essay2309 Words   |  10 PagesThe Brown v. Board of Education was a case that was initiated by members of the local NAACP (National association Advancement of Colored People) organization in Topeka, Kansas where thirteen parents volunteered to participate of the segregation during school. Parents took their children to schools in their neighborhoods in the summer of 1950 and attempted to enroll them for the upcoming school year. All students were refused admission and were forced to attend one of the four schools in the cityRead MoreThe Case Of Brown V. Board Of Education982 Words   |  4 PagesEducation is a valuable service in society that strengthen a workforce, a nation and bring forth awareness. Why should this be limited based on race or because of economic reasons, the quality should represent where the schools are located, if they are public? The Public School system belongs to society and those who contribute to what supports the education system. In choosing Brown v. Board of Education, a case which continues to have a great impact to this day, taking into consideration what was

Antamina Mining - Moving Mountains Case Study Analysis

Antamina Case Study Analysis Introduction Context The Antamina Mining Company (â€Å"CMA†) faced a set of critical decisions related to technical, logistical, political and financial challenges for establishing copper and zinc mining operations in a remote area of the Northern Peruvian Andes in the 1990s. This analysis is based primarily on the SEKN Case Study from March 5, 2007, entitled â€Å"Moving Mountains: The Case of the Antamina Mining Company†. Specifically, we considered the following questions that were raised by CMA’s General Manager within the case: 1) In the first Environmental Impact Assessment (†EIA†) that CMA published in 1998, the company laid out a plan to transport concentrate from the mine to a port facility near†¦show more content†¦|issues, higher safety risk = | | |TMI Others due to possible |(+)Improved economy – |(+)More new jobs |(+)Cargo safer w/ |higher Financing risk | | |impact on PNH) |tourism / trade | |hermetically sealed trucks |(+)Lower CAPEX, (-)Higher | | | | | | |OPEX than pipeline | |New ‘Southern’ |(-)More expensive than existing |(+)New access routes; |(+)Provides local |(+)Std. construction |(-)Much greater upfront CAPEX | |Route |infrastructure; (+)No local |(+)Opportunities for |trucking / road |project; (+)Closer road |($140MM) than central | | |resistance; (+)Catalyst for |economic development, |maintenance jobs; |enables easier maintenance |route;(-)Higher OPEX than | | |additional local economic |including tourism

Through the Lens Essay Free Essays

Does a Picture Really Tell A Thousand Words? According to John Berger, photographs from August 6th, 1945, are â€Å"images of hell. † (316) That was the day the US dropped an atomic bomb on Japan, killing countless innocent civilians and severely burning others. In his essay, â€Å"Hiroshima,† Berger faces the idea that our culture has â€Å"abandoned† the â€Å"concept of evil. We will write a custom essay sample on Through the Lens Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (320) Countless pictures seem to be the only thing left of that day, and from Berger’s perspective, the true meaning of that event has been hidden, even though the facts are still in textbooks. The concept of horrific pictures being taken plays an important role in Berger’s thoughts about Hiroshima, because those pictures are what initially sparked his interest. However, the idea of sharing of graphing pictures is called into question by Susan Sontag in her essay, â€Å"Regarding the Pain of Others,† who points out that war photography should have some form of censorship because of the effect it may have on victims or families who have lost their loved ones. While Berger doesn’t seem to promote graphic photography, it seems that from is point of view, pictures such as these make a reality of what otherwise might just become another page in our history books. â€Å"These paintings [by survivors] were shown on Japanese television. Is it conceivable that the BBC would show these pictures on Channel One at a peak hour? † (319) He makes a strong point that American television would never show those pictures without â€Å" reference to ‘politica l’ and ‘military’ realities† (319) because it was our country that caused such destruction. Sontag almost reinforces this idea by saying that â€Å"the camera brings the viewer close, too close,† (259) but at the ame time contradicts it by implying that war pictures sometimes provide inaccurate information because of new age technology. Cameras and computers today have the ability to enhance the main focus, what the photographer wants you to look at, and blur out other details which may change a picture completely. â€Å"The real thing may not be fearsome enough, and therefore needs to be enhanced; or reenacted more convincingly. † (259) This brings out a good point, although cameras used in 1945 wouldn’t have that kind of technology, but they can still be edited today. That being said, a picture can be inaccurate in more ways than one. While the Hiroshima pictures are heartbreaking to look at, Berger fails to address the fact that not all war pictures tell the full story, along with what may have happened before and after the picture was taken, and some may be taken completely out of context. Sontag brings in this idea by talking about a famous picture of a South Vietnamese General shooting a Vietcong suspect, which turned out to be staged. This idea calls Berger’s argument into question, because it is unknown which pictures are â€Å"real† and which are mainly for ublicity purposes. We don’t know what happened before, after, or even what’s going on outside the frame on a picture just by looking at it. Only the photographer and the people present at that moment know the whole truth. Although Sontag brings in some point that were missed by Berger, Sontag reinforces Berger’s speculation that US television and newspa pers only show what the government wants the public to see, and nothing more. She adds that the military promoted â€Å"images that illustrated America’s absolute military superiority over its enemy. † (260) in the Gulf War in 1991. This idea really brings the true motives of our nation out, which is really what Berger’s entire argument is based off of. He tries to make the US look like bullies, killing innocent people to scare their government so that we look like a strong country that defeats the bad guys and protects its citizens. â€Å"It was not a miscalculation, an error, or the result of a situation deteriorating so rapidly that it gets out of hand. † (319) This quote proves that, from Berger’s perspective, the US purposely caused such an event, which was preplanned , not a defense mechanism. While Sontag doesn’t specify an opinion about why the US only shows pictures that make ourgovernment look good, she does mention that â€Å"the use of cameras at the front for nonmilitary purposes have become much stricter as war has become an activity prosecuted with increasingly exact optical devices for tracking the enemy. † (260) This would explain why we don’t see many pictures of the war going on right now, even though it’s been going on for many years already. Berger aims his focus on Hiroshima alone, while Sontag looks at the big picture of war photography in itself. Sontag would assumingly agree with Berger about the issue of Hiroshima, how horrifying it was and how those pictures play such a big role. At the same time, I think this would further promote her idea that war photography is sometimes too harsh, even though without seeing those pictures, one might not be able to imagine such horror. However, Sontag might not agree with Berger when he says â€Å"the memory of these events should be continually before our eyes. † (320) A lot of pictures should be continually before our eyes, and unfortunately Hiroshima is only an example of events hat would be forgotten without visual aids to remind us. He himself is an example, not interested in the book on his desk until he opened it and was reminded of such an event. But like Sontag says, â€Å"to display the dead, after all, is what the enemy does. † (259) In many third world countries, people see death and sickness all the time. Civilians in places like Iraq and Afghanistan probably see death more than anyone, and we, the enemy, are the ones showing it to them. For us, war pictures hit too close to home, especially for amilies that have loved ones overseas fighting for our country, but what about people that have to witness it firsthand? They don’t always have a choice. Berger, who is British, calls his friend from America, the one he talks about in the beginning, â€Å"innocent,† saying that she looks at a â€Å"nuclear holocaust without considering its reality. † (321) But in a way, many Americans do that. We could â€Å"google† many kinds of pictures, graphic or not, whenever we feel like it, but do we really think about what it would be like to be there? This is the problem with Sontag’s idea about war photos not being shown; without them, many Americans would probably be even more naive than they already are. If I told you a bomb was dropped on Japan and many people were killed and burned, you would probably feel sympathy, but you would probably go on with your day, as would a lot of people. But seeing pictures, children burned, dead bodies, that would make it more real, and that’s why Berger says we should constantly see things like that. Unfortunately, that can’t be publicly shown, especially on television, where verything has to be â€Å"family oriented. † There’s a downside to both arguments: we can’t constantly be reminded of such horrible things like Hiroshima, but we also can’t be completely out of the loop. War photography is a controversial topic, but it’s one that will most likely always be part of life. As long as there’s wars, there will be people trying to e xpose the events and realities of it. Works Cited Berger, John â€Å"Hiroshima† Fields of Reading, 2010, Bedford/ St. Martin’s Sontag, Susan â€Å"Regarding the Pain of Others† Fields of Reading, 2010, Bedford/ St. Martin’s How to cite Through the Lens Essay, Essay examples

EAAVN1011 Introduction to Air Transport Industry and Management

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to Air Transport Industry. Answer: Organisations and their roles International Air Transport Association IATA is a private organisation which promotes the worlds scheduled airlines for ensuring secure, safe, economical, and dependable air services, across the globe. It was founded by the end of World War 1 in Hague in the year 1919, and currently it handles 280 airlines from 130 countries. It is worth mentioning that the organisation handles about 95% of the worlds total scheduled air traffic. The structure of IATA defines that the final authority of the association holds with its annual general meeting in which all the active members of the association have an equal vote, and a president is chosen among them in the meeting. Further the decision related to technical aspects of aviation as well as the commercial counter part of the airline industries are taken according to this framed group and its corresponding general body executives. The execution and determination of policy is executed by the Executive Committee which consists of 21 senior executives from the association. International Civil Aviation Organisation ICAO is an organisation which designs and suggests the safety principles and policies for international air transport. It was created by following the signing in the Convention of Chicago on the International Civil Aviation. It consists three primary bodies. The assembly meeting is done in every three years for reviewing the work of organisation and the daily business of ICAO is conducted by the council between the assembly sessions (Lindenthal, 2014) The air navigation commission is the permanent part of the association which is responsible for all technical matters. It is noteworthy to mention that the agency is responsible for aviation development objectives including the strategic progress, safety and air navigation related decision, monitoring the air transport metrics, and audit of States civil aviation capabilities. International traffic rights and air services agreements The International Air Services Transit Agreement (IASTA), includes the first two freedoms that are critical for the airline management aspects. The first freedoms describes the right of flying over any foreign country without landing on it. Member states of the IASTA grant the above freedom to the other member states, which are subjected to transiting aircraft in the assigned air routes (IATA, 2014). The second freedom allows any technical stop without the boarding or landing of the passengers or cargo, which also include emergency control situations. International traffic rights and air services agreements provides the right to land in any country solely for refuelling as well as in emergency conditions, which are for the safety and benefit of commonwealth from any nations (IATA, 2014). The rules and regulations play an important role in the safety and security of the aviation department, as dictated in the report by Vasigh et al. (2013). These elements are necessary in every aspect of the business operation in conjunction with objectives like providing economic regulatory reform. Aviation safety and security also describes the investigation related to flight failures and the act for preventing such failures through education as well as training, regulation and ethical practice. The safety rules in context of air travel can also be informed to the public in the form of campaigns. In particular, the natural elements include lighting, ice or snow, misleading information, fire, and bird strike (Vasigh, Fleming and Tacker, 2013). Likewise, the human factors like piloting while intoxicated, controlled flying during terrain, fatigue of crew members, electromagnetic interference, and terrorism. Industry operational standards, training, and best practice According to a report by Ornato and Peberdy et al. (2014), the airport authority has developed standardised operating procedures for the high-value activities in field. However, the standardisation of these activities have importance as it support critical issues like (i) quality control, (ii) increased efficiency, (iii) ensured the consistency of the air traffic, and (iv) managing safety of commonwealth. Notably, the airline industry is highly regulated in terms of having standard operating procedures, security protocol and timely maintenance and for which the personnel needs can be trained and well informed. E-Learning is an advanced form of paradigm in this consideration which serves as an asset for training employees regarding the changes in operating procedures and technology. Likewise, LMS also serves as an important medium for providing the training related to assigning and tracking for minimizing the duplication of the efforts, especially regarding maintenance of regulation a t various branches, countries and time zone (Ornato and Peberdy, 2014) Ticket pricing, tariffs and financial reconciliation Accorinding to the regulatory issues, the pricing of air tickets have several elements. This include a base price, service tax, and other investment related to corporate social responsibilities such as realated to education, farming, health, and eco friendly approaches (Gustafson, Ivanov and Ritter, 2015) Notably, the commercial interest of airline companies are maintained with respect to base fare, which can be based on dynamic policies, related to market price, and also are based on company's pricing strategies to achieve market competitiveness. On the other hand, the tax and corporate social responsibilities related duties within the scope of pricing are determined and fixed based on the national government policies (Gustafson, Ivanov and Ritter, 2015). Conclusion Over years ICAO has developed a comprehensive facilitation program for eliminating the unnecessary documentary requirements, simplifying the clearance and handling procedures. The programs also helps in liberalisation of requirements for visa for the temporary visitors, provides machine readable passport, and clearance procedure for baggage, mail and cargo. Even IATA have been undergone constant progress in commercial and technical air transport affairs. Its procedures help the passenger to travel from one airline to other in single ticket. It has created air transport as a safer, regular and cheaper option for the public. Recommendation Within the scope of recommendations, the first requirement is linked with training and education for personnel working within the airline industries. This is critical not only for ethical practices but is also required for the safety of customers. Secondly the tax and investment to corporate responsibilities for social cause is required to support government activities for the attainment of community well-being status (Wong and Brooks, 2015). Other than this, the regulations and legislation are framed for the purpose of good practices and to make use of technological advancements for the benefit of society, which must be preserved by all the airline companies (Wong and Brooks, 2015). References Gustafson, M.T., Ivanov, I.T. and Ritter, J., 2015. Financial condition and product market cooperation. Journal of Corporate Finance, 31, pp.1-16. International Air Transport Association, 2014. IATA press release No. 57. Lindenthal, A., 2014. Aviation and climate protection: EU leadership within the International Civil Aviation Organization. Environmental Politics, 23(6), pp.1064-1081. Ornato, J.P. and Peberdy, M.A., 2014. Applying lessons from commercial aviation safety and operations to resuscitation. Resuscitation, 85(2), pp.173-176. Vasigh, B., Fleming, K. and Tacker, T., 2013. Introduction to air transport economics: from theory to applications. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Wong, S. and Brooks, N., 2015. Evolving risk-based security: A review of current issues and emerging trends impacting security screening in the aviation industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 48, pp.60-64.